You’ve heard the mantra over and over: budget, budget, budget. This is money management rule number one as you graduate, start bringing home a paycheck and begin life in the real world. But if you’ve never had to pay for life’s essentials yourself, coming up with a realistic spending plan can feel like wandering in the dark.
If your parents have been covering or subsidizing your living expenses at home or college, you probably need a reality check before stepping out on your own. For many young adults, the combination of lower-than-expected take-home pay coupled with higher-than-expected living expenses can be a recipe for financial disaster. We’re here to shed some light on your finances and help you build a home budget that avoids surprises.
Your income
Let’s start with your paycheck. While you know that Uncle Sam gets first dibs on your hard-earned money, you may not be prepared for how much the government will take. For example, if you earn a salary of $35,000, you’ll likely only see about $28,356 after federal taxes, Social Security and Medicare are subtracted. That doesn’t include state taxes or any deductions from your paycheck for workplace benefits, such as medical and dental insurance or a retirement savings plan. When all is said and done, you’re likely looking at a take-home pay of—brace yourself—$25,350 or so per year. That’s a net income of about $2,100 per month.
Your expenses
Now that you know how much you can expect to bring home, you can divvy up your paycheck. Here’s a general guide to help you budget your money to make sure your expenses are covered. You may have to make some adjustments for your situation. If you spend less on housing, for example, you can put the extra money from that category toward paying down debt. The dollar figures in parentheses are based on our above example of a $35,000 gross salary with a monthly take-home pay of $2,110 per month after taxes and other deductions.
- 30% ($634) Housing
- 10% ($211) Utilities and other housing expenditures (including renters insurance)
- 15% ($317) Food (at home and away)
- 10% ($211) Transportation (including car loan)
- 10% ($211) Debt repayment (student loans and credit cards)
- 10% ($211) Saving
- 5% ($106) Clothing
- 5% ($106) Entertainment
- 5% ($106) Car insurance and miscellaneous personal expenses
In terms of dollar figures, this actually breaks down pretty close to the lines of what things will actually cost you. Housing, of course, will vary depending on your location and also on whether you live alone or with roommates. Debt repayment is another wild card for which you may have to make adjustments. But for now, let’s take a closer look at the utilities and household expenses categories.
Utilities
We start with utilities, such as gas and electric. Your actual cost will vary by your location, season and how well-insulated your apartment is. If you live in Las Vegas, for example, you’ll spend a lot more on air conditioning this summer than someone in Minneapolis. But budgeting an average of $50 to $60 per month to power a one- or two-bedroom apartment should suffice. Many apartments come with garbage and water service included so you may not have to worry about that.
Renter's Insurance
For renter's insurance, a good policy can run about $200 a year—or $17 a month.
Internet, Cable, Phone
You can save money on your Internet service by going back to the stone age of dial-up. You can find service for about $10 a month. But if that’s too drastic for your lifestyle, consider getting high-speed service through your cable-TV provider. You can usually get a cut-rate deal for bundling services together. The national average cost for basic cable is about $15 a month—$30 for expanded basic, to which the vast majority of cable watchers subscribe. Add a high-speed Internet connection for $40, and you’d do well to budget $70 or so for the whole package.
You might save money on your phone bill by scrapping your landline altogether and sticking to your cell phone. (A bare-bones landline service typically costs about $20 to $25 a month.) Cell phone bills can vary widely by location, provider and, of course, your own personal use. But the average cell phone bill in the U.S. runs about $50 to $60 a month. If that’s too steep for your budget, consider using a prepaid cell phone that charges you only for the minutes you use. If that’s too conservative, you may have to look for other areas to cut back.
Total
Now let’s add ’em all up: $50 for utilities, $17 for renter’s insurance, $70 for cable and Internet plus $50 for your cell phone, and you’re looking at $187 a month. We had budgeted $211, so that leaves you a $24 cushion for those months in which costs may vary. And if you live with a roommate, you may be able to share the cost of your utilities, cable and Web access, giving you, even more, leeway in your budget.
Possible adjustments
Two of the biggest areas to watch out for is the transportation and debt repayment categories.
Transportation
If you own your car outright, $211 a month for transportation is a good estimate—perhaps even too high. But if you have a car loan, your monthly payment will probably be more than $211 to begin with, let alone the money you’ll spend on gas, parking, maintenance, and repairs. So before you rush out after graduation to buy your first set of wheels, make sure you are aware of the real cost of buying a car. For maintenance and repairs, you should budget at least $500 a year, or $42 a month—maybe more if you’re buying an older car.
For gas, let’s assume you drive 1,000 miles a month and your car averages 23 miles per gallon. You’d need to budget $117 per month with prices at $2.70 per gallon. That leaves only $52 for a car payment, parking, and other transportation expenses. Clearly, not enough. (And, of course, wildly fluctuating gas prices can throw a curve ball here.)
Some cities are easy to live in without a car, thanks to good public transportation and bike paths. But in other cities, a car truly is a necessity. Look into carpooling with friends or coworkers. Or cut back somewhere else in your budget—say, spend less on food and entertainment or take on a roommate to split the cost of rent to help make ends meet.
Debt repayment
As for debt repayment, a college senior graduates with at least $20,000, on average, in student-loan debt. If you fall into that camp, you’ll spend $230 a month on a standard ten-year repayment schedule at 6.8 percent interest. You may need to negotiate a different time schedule with your lender, say, a 15- or 20-year repayment. Or you can ask for a graduated repayment schedule where you pay less per month now, but more toward the end of your loan period. There is also an income-contingent repayment which bases your bill on a percentage of your actual salary.
The average college senior also graduates with $3,300 in credit card debt. At 18% interest and paying $80 a month (4 percent minimum payment of initial balance), it’ll take you about 2½ years to rid yourself of that debt. And that’s assuming you don’t charge another dime
Pay yourself first
One category we’d like to see you stick with the fixed amount (or higher) is savings. This is an excellent habit to get into right from the get-go.
Start by building up your short-term emergency savings, and then branch out into investments for the long term. If a 22-year-old saves $211 every month and earns an average annual rate of 8 percent on her money, she’ll have about $951,000 saved up by the time she turns 65. If she increases her monthly contribution every time she gets a raise, sticking with the 10 percent savings rule, she’ll have well over $1 million – perhaps even $2 million.
There is an exception to this rule, however. If you have high-interest debt, you’d do better to take your 10 percent savings allotment and pay off your credit cards first and then start saving. It doesn’t do any good to earn 8 percent on your savings if you’re paying 18 percent on your credit card balance.
Of course, your ability to set a realistic budget depends on many factors. Turn to Yota to help you manage your money and stay on top of your spending.
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